According to Statistics Canada, there are 100 ATV-related deaths on average in Canada each year. Among the fatalities between 2013 to 2019, nearly half (45 per cent) were the result of a rollover; other causes included collisions with a stationary object (16 per cent), ejections (12 per cent), and collisions with a moving vehicle (7 per cent).

In Canada, ATV certification may be required for some forms of employment. Oil and gas, energy and forestry workers might use ATVs for surveillance and maintenance, particularly in remote areas. Police might use them for search-and-rescue operations. But smaller operations also use ATVs: Ranchers might use them for checking on cattle or fence lines, while general contractors might use them for projects in remote areas, such as building a cottage.

While oil and gas or hydro companies might have a formalized process in place — such as requiring ATV operators to take a driver safety course and get certified — smaller operations often don’t. But any ATV operator can benefit from training and certification, regardless of their previous experience.

ATV training

“One of the biggest issues with ATVs is that people get overconfident, particularly if they’re a novice and they decide, ‘Oh, I can climb that hill, I can go through that mud hole,’” says Goruk. After all, some hills are simply too steep for any ATV.

“Our recommendation for any business that has employees operating ATVs is to have them take a certified driver training course,” he says. “You’re not only training the person to ride the machine safely, you as a company owner are doing your due diligence.”

The Canadian ATV Safety Institute (CASI) has joined forces with the ATV Safety Institute (ASI) and the Canadian Off-Highway Vehicle Distributors Council (COHV) to offer the CASI ATV RiderCourse, available in B.C., Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and P.E.I. In addition, the Canada Safety Council offers ATV rider training operated by CSC-certified instructors.

Most of the provinces also offer safety handbooks, videos, and toolkits that can be referenced, such as Ontario’s Smart Ride Safe Ride and Alberta’s ATV Safety Toolkit.

Helmets and PPE

A helmet is perhaps the most important piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) for ATV operators. At least 33 per cent of riders were not wearing a helmet during ATV-related fatalities between 2013 to 2019, according to Statistics Canada.

There are two main types of helmets: full face (which completely covers the face and chin) and open face (which only covers the head and chin). The ATV Safety Institute recommends that riders wear a DOT- or Snell-approved helmet with a proper safety rating for ATVs. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the applicable standards for ATV helmets include DOT FMVSS 218 or Snell M-2005, M-2010, and CMS/CMR 2007.

“If ATVs are being used in a commercial setting, then the company should be providing a helmet to each person,” says Goruk. Preferably, the helmet should have a full face shield, but if a driver is using an open-face helmet they should also be required to wear protective eye wear. Other recommendations include gloves, boots, and long pants.

While PPE is a simple way to help avoid severe injury or even death, many people don’t consistently wear a helmet or only wear one on public roads. That’s why creating policies and procedures around the operation of ATVs — and having employees sign off on those policies and procedures — is so important, says Goruk. “If you’re found not wearing your helmet or acting recklessly, then your privileges will be revoked,” he says.

Also, ATV drivers should always drive sober, since alcohol and drugs impair your ability to drive and make decisions — and could result in impaired driving charges under the Criminal Code of Canada. In at least 51 per cent of ATV-related fatalities from 2013 to 2019, the driver had reportedly consumed alcohol, cannabis or other drugs, according to Statistics Canada.

Single seats vs. two-ups

Some ATV owners bolt a cargo box on the back of a single-seat ATV and use it as a passenger seat — but that’s not a good idea. “They aren’t designed to hold all that weight,” says Goruk. “It changes the centre of gravity so now you have more weight over the back, making it harder for the driver to control.”

On a single-seat ATV, there are no footwells or grab handles for the passenger, so their dangling legs can easily hit an obstacle, such as a tree. “The passenger has nothing to hold onto, so if they start to fall, they might grab the driver and the driver could lose control or get pulled off with the passenger,” says Goruk.

In some situations, it may be necessary to send out more than one ATV operator for a job. For example, if work is required in a remote area without cellular coverage during winter weather, it’s safer to have a buddy-system in place. But riders should either have their own single-seat ATV or use a two-up ATV designed to carry the weight of two people. A two-up ATV has a longer wheel base and stronger rear suspension, as well as dedicated footwells and grab handles for the passenger — which helps to keep both the driver and passenger safe.

Due diligence

If you’re using an ATV on roadways and public lands, the ATV must be registered with a rear licence plate and insured under a motor vehicle liability policy. “Make sure you’re insured against liability especially if you’re letting someone else drive it,” says Goruk. “And carry a copy of your ownership and registration, as well as a copy of your insurance — preferably in a waterproof pouch.”

Even if someone else is operating the ATV, the owner is still liable for injury or damage — and could be charged under a municipal bylaw or other legislation.

“You should also check the machine before you ride it — check for oil leaks, if tires are inflated properly, if the brakes are working,” says Goruk. Stick to designated trails wherever possible, and always let someone know where you’re going and how long you think you’ll be gone.

While there are risks to operating ATVs, many of those are preventable by following safety rules, wearing PPE, and avoiding reckless driving. The key is to have formal policies and procedures in place that keep drivers accountable — and help keep everyone safe.

Pre-Ride Inspection for ATV Riders: The T-CLOC Checklist

Before you rev up your ATV and hit the trails, a pre-ride inspection is crucial to ensure your vehicle is in safe working condition. A thorough check of your ATV can help prevent unexpected breakdowns or accidents while riding. A great way to remember what to check is by using the acronym T-CLOC, which covers Tires, Controls, Lights, Oil, Chain, and Chassis. Here’s a breakdown of each component and the steps to inspect:

T – Tires and Wheels

Your tires are one of the most essential safety components of your ATV. Proper tire maintenance ensures good traction and stability, especially when navigating rough terrain.

  • Air Pressure: Always maintain the recommended tire pressure. If one side has higher pressure, the vehicle may pull to one side, affecting your control.
  • Condition: Inspect the tires for any cuts, gouges, or punctures that could lead to air leakage.
  • Tightness: Ensure the axle and wheel nuts are securely tightened and that cotter pins are in place. Loose nuts can cause loss of control or even a wheel detachment, so check these before every ride.

C – Controls and Cables

Your control is vital for safe operation. Ensuring they function correctly can make all the difference when you’re on the trail.

  • Control Location: Sit on your ATV and familiarize yourself with the location of all controls. Test their functionality to ensure they’re easy to reach and operate smoothly.
  • Throttle and Cables: The throttle should move smoothly and snap closed when the handlebars are in any position. ATV riding can be harsh on cables, so check for smoothness and responsiveness.
  • Brakes: Test both front and rear brake controls. Do they operate smoothly? Are they adjusted according to the owner’s manual? Proper brake function is essential for your safety.
  • Foot Shifter: Ensure the foot shifter is securely attached and positioned for safe, easy operation.

L – Lights and Electrics

Visibility is key, especially if you plan to ride into the evening. Checking your ATV’s lights and electrical systems ensures you can see—and be seen—while on the trails.

  • Ignition Switch: If your ATV has an ignition switch, check its condition by turning it on and off during your warm-up period to make sure it works properly.
  • Engine Stop Switch: Test the engine stop switch to confirm that it cuts off the engine when needed.
  • Headlights and Taillights: Check that both headlights and taillights (if equipped) work, particularly if you plan to ride after dark. Visibility is crucial to avoid accidents.

O – Oil and Fuel

Running out of fuel or oil can leave you stranded in the middle of nowhere, so checking these elements before every ride is essential.

  • Oil and Fuel Levels: Always start with a full fuel tank and check the oil level using a dipstick or sight glass while the engine is off. Refer to your owner’s manual for the specific procedure.
  • Leaks: Look for fuel or oil leaks. Even minor leaks can cause serious issues or safety hazards while riding.
  • Air Filter: Remove the air filter cover and inspect the filter. To maintain proper engine performance, ensure it’s clean, not torn, and blockage-free.

C – Chain and Drive Shaft Chassis

The chain and chassis are the backbone of your ATATV’srivetrain. Regularly inspecting these parts helps prevent unexpected mechanical failures.

  • Chain: Inspect, adjust, and lubricate the chain as needed. Check for Slack or free play and ensure it meets the specifications outlined in your owner’s manual. A well-maintained chain ensures smooth power transfer from the engine to the wheels.
  • Drive Shaft: If your ATV uses a drive shaft instead of a chain, check for oil leaks and make sure the oil supply is topped up according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
  • Nuts and Bolts: Riding through rough terrain can loosen various parts of your ATV. Before each ride, physically check the handlebars, footrests, and other components to ensure everything is secure. Tighten any loose fasteners you come across.

Tool Kit: Be Prepared for the Unexpected

While you hope for the best, preparing for the worst is always wise. When riding off-road, roadside assistance is unlikely to be readily available, so carrying a basic tool kit can be a lifesaver if something goes wrong.

Essential items to include in your ATV tool kit are:

  • Spark plug
  • Tire repair kit
  • Electrical tape
  • Spare bulbs
  • Mechanic wire
  • Duct tape
  • Knife
  • Flashlight (if riding after dark)
  • Tow strap or rope (in case you can’t do the repairs on the trail)

These tools ensure that minor issues can be addressed without waiting for help or risking unsafe riding conditions.

While performing regular maintenance and following the procedures outlined in your owner’s manual, which will minimize breakdowns, carrying extra tools and supplies is a wise precaution for extended rides. Especially if you live in remote areas, a little preparation could save you from a long walk home. And remember, don’t wear your comfy sneakers—be ready for the challenges of off-road adventures!

Making T-CLOC part of your pre-ride routine ensures a smoother, safer ride every time you head out. Remember these checks before each adventure, and enjoy your ride with peace of mind, knowing your ATV is in top condition!